Iyini i-Emergency Escape Breathing Device (EEBD)?

I-Emergency Escape Breathing Device (EEBD) iwucezu olubalulekile lwesisetshenziswa sokuphepha esidizayinelwe ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho umkhathi usube yingozi, okubeka engcupheni impilo noma impilo ngokushesha. Lezi zixhobo zivame ukusetshenziswa ezimeni lapho kuphuma khona kungazelelwe amagesi anobuthi, ukuntuleka kwentuthu, noma komoyampilo, okuhlinzeka ogqokile umoya owanele ophefumulayo ukuze abaleke ngokuphepha endaweni eyingozi.

Ama-EEBD atholakala ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ezokuthutha, ezezimayini, ezokukhiqiza, nezinkonzo eziphuthumayo, futhi aklanyelwe ukunikeza ukuvikelwa kwesikhashana kubantu ababalekela indawo eyingozi kunokuba basetshenziswe isikhathi eside. Nakuba ingahloselwe imisebenzi yokucisha umlilo noma yokuhlenga, ama-EEBD ayithuluzi lokuphepha elibalulekile elingavimbela ukuminza noma ubuthi lapho kubalwa umzuzwana ngamunye. Ingxenye ebalulekile yama-EEBD esimanje yiisilinda esiyinhlanganisela ye-carbon fibre, edlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni amadivayisi angasindi, aqine, futhi athembeke ezimeni eziphuthumayo.

Isebenza kanjani i-EEBD

I-EEBD iyisisetshenziswa sokuphefumula esihlangene esinikeza umsebenzisi umoya owuphefumulayo noma umoya-mpilo isikhathi esilinganiselwe, ngokuvamile phakathi kwamaminithi angu-5 kuya kwangu-15, kuye ngemodeli. Idivayisi ilula ukuyisebenzisa, ngisho nangaphansi kwengcindezi, futhi ivamise ukwenziwa isebenze ngokudonsa ithebhu noma ukuvula isitsha. Uma sekucushiwe, umoya noma umoya-mpilo uqala ukugeleza uye kumsebenzisi, kungaba ngemaski yobuso noma isiqeshana somlomo kanye nesistimu yesiqeshana sekhala, okudala uphawu olubavikela ekuhogeleni amagesi ayingozi noma umoya ongenawo umoya-mpilo.

Izingxenye ze-EEBD

Izingxenye eziyisisekelo ze-EEBD zifaka:

• I-Cylinder yokuphefumula: Le silinda igcina umoya ocindezelweyo noma umoya-mpilo umsebenzisi azowuphefumula ngesikhathi ebaleka. Ama-EEBD esimanje aya ngokuya asebenzisa ci-arbon fibre composite cylinders ngenxa yesisindo sabo esilula namandla.
• I-Pressure Regulator: Isilawuli silawula ukugeleza komoya noma umoya-mpilo kusuka kusilinda, siqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzisi uthola ukutholakala komoya okuzinzile.
• Imaski yobuso noma ihood: Imaski noma ihood ivala ubuso bomsebenzisi, ihlinzeka ngesivalo esivimba amagesi ayingozi ngenkathi simvumela ukuba aphefumule emoyeni noma umoya-mpilo ohlinzekwa yi-EEBD.
• Ukubopha noma Ibhande: Lokhu kuvikela idivayisi kumsebenzisi, okumvumela ukuthi ahambe ngokukhululeka ngenkathi egqoke i-EEBD.
• Isistimu ye-alamu: Amanye ama-EEBD afakwe i-alamu ekhala lapho umoya uphela, okwenza umsebenzisi asheshe abaleke.

I-Carbon Fiber Composite Cylinders kuma-EEBDs

Enye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-EEBD isilinda sokuphefumula, futhi izinto ezisetshenziselwa lesi silinda zidlala indima enkulu ekusebenzeni kahle okuphelele kwedivayisi. Kuma-EEBD amaningi esimanje,isilinda esiyinhlanganisela ye-carbon fibres asetshenziswa ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo eziphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zendabuko njengensimbi noma i-aluminium.

Idizayini Engasindi

Enye yezinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu zeisilinda esiyinhlanganisela ye-carbon fibres umklamo wabo ongasindi. Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, isekhondi ngalinye libalulekile, futhi i-EEBD elula ivumela umsebenzisi ukuthi ahambe ngokushesha futhi kalula. Izinhlanganisela ze-carbon fibre zilula kakhulu kunensimbi ne-aluminium kuyilapho ziqine ngokwanele ukuqukatha umoya ocindezelweyo noma umoya-mpilo ezingcindezini eziphezulu. Lokhu kunciphisa isisindo kusiza umsebenzisi agweme ukukhathala, okwenza kube lula ukuphatha idivayisi ngesikhathi sokuphunyuka.

Ukuqina Okuphakeme namandla

Isilinda esiyinhlanganisela ye-carbon fibres awagcini nje ngokulula kodwa futhi anamandla ngokwedlulele futhi aqinile. Angakwazi ukumelana nezingcindezi eziphakeme ezidingekayo ukuze agcine umoya owanele ukuze abaleke, futhi amelana nomonakalo obangelwa umthelela, ukugqwala, nokuguga. Lokhu kuqina kubalulekile ezimeni eziphuthumayo lapho idivayisi ingase ibe ngaphansi kokuphathwa kabi, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, noma ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali ayingozi. Amandla e-carbon fiber avumela isilinda ukuthi sihlale sinjalo futhi sisebenza, okuqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzisi unomoya othembekile lapho ewudinga kakhulu.

Amandla Akhulisiwe

Enye inzuzo yeisilinda esiyinhlanganisela ye-carbon fibres amandla abo okubamba umoya omningi noma umoya-mpilo ephaketheni elincane, elilula. Lo mthamo owengeziwe uvumela izikhathi ezinde zokuphunyuka, unikeza abasebenzisi imizuzu eyengeziwe yomoya ophefumulayo ukuze baphume ngokuphephile endaweni eyingozi. Ngokwesibonelo, aisilinda esiyinhlanganisela ye-carbon fibreingase inikeze umoya ofanayo njengesilinda sensimbi kodwa enenqwaba nesisindo esincane kakhulu, ikwenze kusebenzeke kakhulu ukuze kusetshenziswe ezindaweni ezivalekile noma kubasebenzisi abadinga ukuhamba ngokushesha.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-EEBDs

Ama-EEBD ajwayele ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini lapho abasebenzi bengase bachayeke emkhathini oyingozi. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Imboni Yasolwandle: Emikhumbini, i-EEBD ivamise ukudingeka njengengxenye yempahla yokuphepha. Esimeni somlilo noma ukuvuza kwegesi, amalungu ezisebenzi angasebenzisa i-EEBD ukuze abaleke emagumbini enjini noma kwezinye izindawo ezivalekile lapho umoya uba yingozi.
• Izimayini: Izimayini zaziwa ngamagesi ayingozi kanye nezindawo eziphelelwa umoya-mpilo. I-EEBD inikeza abavukuzi indlela yokuphunyuka esheshayo nephathekayo uma umoya ungaphephile ukuphefumula.
• Izimboni zezimboni: Izimboni nezitshalo ezisebenza ngamakhemikhali ayingozi noma izinqubo zingadinga ukuthi abasebenzi basebenzise ama-EEBD uma ukuvuza kwegesi noma ukuqhuma kwenzeka, okuholela esimweni esinobuthi.
• Indiza: Ezinye izindiza zithwala ama-EEBD ukuze zivikele abasebenzi nabagibeli ekuhogeleni intuthu noma ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo esimweni esiphuthumayo esikebheni.
• Imboni kawoyela negesi: Izisebenzi ezisebenza ezindaweni ezihluza uwoyela noma ezizindaweni zokumba ezisogwini ngokuvamile zithembele kuma-EEBD njengengxenye yezinto zabo zokuzivikela ukuze babaleke ekuvuzeni kwegesi noma imililo.

I-EEBD vs. SCBA

Kubalulekile ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwe-EEBD ne-Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA). Yize womabili amadivaysi ehlinzeka ngomoya ophefumulayo ezindaweni eziyingozi, aklanyelwe izinhloso ezahlukene:

• I-EEBD: Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-EEBD ukuhlinzeka ngomoya wesikhathi esifushane ngezinjongo zokuphunyuka. Ayakhelwe ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside futhi ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukukhishwa ngokushesha ezindaweni ezinobuthi noma ezingenawo umoya-mpilo. Ama-EEBD ngokuvamile mancane, alula, futhi aqonde kakhulu ukusebenza kunama-SCBA.
• I-SCBA: I-SCBA, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isetshenziselwa imisebenzi yesikhathi eside, efana nemishini yokucisha umlilo noma yokuhlenga. Amasistimu e-SCBA ahlinzeka ngokuhlinzekwa komoya okunamandla, okuvamise ukuthatha ihora, futhi aklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa ezimweni eziyingozi ezinwetshiwe. Ama-SCBA avamise ukuba mkhulu futhi ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunama-EEBD futhi afaka izici ezithuthukisiwe njengezikali zokucindezela, ama-alamu, nezilawuli ezilungisekayo.

Ukugcinwa kanye Nokuhlolwa kwama-EEBD

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-EEBD isilungele ukusetshenziswa esimweni esiphuthumayo, ukugcinwa njalo nokuhlolwa kubalulekile. Eminye yemisebenzi ebalulekile yokunakekela ihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlola Okuvamile: Ama-EEBD kufanele ahlolwe ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kubhekwe noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuguga noma zokonakala, ikakhulukazi kumaski obuso, amahanisi, nesilinda.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hydrostatic: Isilinda esiyinhlanganisela ye-carbon fibreKufanele zihlolwe i-hydrostatic ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zisengakwazi ukumelana nezingcindezi eziphezulu ezidingekayo ukuze kugcinwe umoya noma umoya-mpilo. Lokhu kuhlola kubandakanya ukugcwalisa isilinda ngamanzi nokuwucindezela ukuze uhlole ukuvuza noma ubuthakathaka.
• Isitoreji Esifanelekile: Ama-EEBD kufanele agcinwe endaweni ehlanzekile, eyomile ekude nelanga eliqondile noma amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Isitoreji esingalungile singanciphisa isikhathi sokuphila sedivayisi futhi sifake engozini ukusebenza kwayo.

Isiphetho

I-Emergency Escape Breathing Device (EEBD) iyithuluzi lokuphepha elibalulekile ezimbonini lapho umkhathi oyingozi ungavela khona kungalindelekile. Idivayisi inikeza ukuhlinzekwa komoya ophefumulayo wesikhashana, okuvumela abasebenzi ukuba babaleke ezindaweni eziyingozi ngokushesha nangokuphepha. Ngokuhlanganiswa kweisilinda esiyinhlanganisela ye-carbon fibres, ama-EEBD abelula, ahlala isikhathi eside, futhi athembeke kakhulu, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwawo ezimeni eziphuthumayo. Ukunakekelwa okufanele kanye nokuhlolwa okuvamile kuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zisetshenziswa zihlala zilungele ukwenza umsebenzi wazo osindisa impilo lapho zidingeka.